“The Only Thing We Have to Fear . . .”

Fear is a potent and persuasive force in the rhetoric of a political operative. It is also an effective way to capture an audience’s attention. But, in life, we have to choose our fears carefully. Attacking windmills is no alternative for having the discernment, the tenacity, and courage to address real problems. Fear is our early warning system that can either inhibit us or spur us to action in the face of a real problem. If the problem is not real, then the elicited fear is not real, but an artificial ploy. Recognizing the difference is personal and liberating. And that recognition is true for both the individual and the nation.

When I was a little boy, my father and I would wrestle on the floor of our small living room. Besides the intimacy that I always had with my father, I remember how he did not always feign defeat in these matches. Sometimes, he would pin me to the floor. My mother would hear my complaints and attempt to intervene. But my father would say, “He needs to learn how to recover from defeat. He won’t always win in life.” Later, when he discovered that I was being bullied at school, he confronted me with the question, “Do you like being bullied?” Of course, I said “no.” His response was to buy me a punching bag and teach me how to defend myself, even against a bully older and bigger than myself.

It would be easy to draw the wrong lesson from my father’s actions. It was not about aggression, but about resilience. Eventually, I came to understand his intent as I learned the context of his life. As a teenager during the Depression, he and his older brother carried 100 lb. sacks of coal they stole from abandoned mines in Pennsylvania in order to keep their family warm during the harsh winter months. With the death of his step father, the family struggled to clothe and feed themselves. They depended upon the meagre income he earned from the streets and a local bakery. When he graduated from High School, he was offered a college scholarship. He refused. Instead, he went to New York where he could earn more money to support his widowed mother and younger siblings and pay for his sister’s college tuition. After Pearl Harbor, he wanted to enlist. But he was still the sole support of his family and his new wife. As it turned out, his desire to enlist was preempted by the draft. But before he was sent into combat, the army found him medically unfit and honorably discharged him. The soldiers in his Platoon went on to fight at Normandy and, according to reports, were all killed on D Day. Were it not for the ear infections that partially deafened him for life, I would not have been born.

During my development years, my father was the family breadwinner. He worked as a blue collar worker all his life and somehow managed to pay my undergraduate tuition and, after I left home, invested in my mother’s late blooming career. One of his best friends as a young man went on to earn a doctorate at UC Berkeley. That friend said of my father that he was the most intelligent man he had ever known. On the occasion of my father’s funeral, he wrote, “he was the best of us.” What my father’s life taught me was to always choose the “high road” and never give up or give in.

My previous blog closed with a reference to the sacrifices made by my father’s generation—“The Great Generation,” as chronicled in Tom Brokaw’s book. My father was not alone. Many men, women and children persevered through the challenges of Depression and World War. The Presidency of Franklin D. Roosevelt witnessed the soup lines, massive unemployment, Pearl Harbor, the sinking of commercial ocean freighters, and, of course, World War II in which over 400 thousand American soldiers died. Roosevelt’s “fireside chats” were designed to bolster the American population during those times of stress. He assured his listeners that America would eventually win the peace and secure our country. So why did he caution against fear?

I think the answer relates to my father’s question, “Do you like being bullied?” Both men knew that fear can immobilize an individual or a people. Roosevelt, for example, recognized that a nation gripped with fear risked defeat or a response stultified by panic. He chose for America the “high road,” demanding sacrifice, courage, and persistence. The lesson of my father was really the same for his entire generation. Together, they suppressed their fears and persisted to win that peace and build a platform for future prosperity. The lesson was one of resilience. And their fear was real.

Today, America is secure and prosperous. But it still harbors fears. During the Presidential campaign, the fears that seem to dominate the news cycle come from issues of terrorism, a Syrian refugee crisis, Muslim or undocumented immigrants, and the possible ill health or incompetency of the Presidential candidates. Do these issues justify the fear they engender? And is the fear real? Perhaps a closer look is warranted.

➣ Today we recognize the fifteenth anniversary of the World Trade Center disaster. Since 9/11/2001, there have been no successful attacks on American soil from foreign terrorists. Instead, we have experienced mass killings by Americans who claimed to be inspired by Daesh.
➣ Actual immigration and refugee statistics for the last year have not yet been released. But, in 2014, America gave slightly over one million immigrants permanent residency status. Only 96 thousand of these immigrants were refugees. None of them came from Syria. Some were undoubtedly Muslim, though I could not find an immigration statistic for this population. Their religious affiliation, of course, is not material to their immigration status. This year America has admitted ten thousand Syrian refugees; and several hundred thousand of the 11 million Syrian refugees have so far made their way to Europe. America has agreed to vet another 65 thousand Syrian refugees for residency in 2017.
➣ In 2014, 133 thousand Mexican nationals were awarded residency status. Currently, the influx of undocumented immigrants now matches the exodus of Mexican nationals. Since a large portion of those now crossing the borders without visas are from other Central American countries, the actual number of undocumented arrivals from Mexico is actually decreasing. Of course, the Hispanic population in this country is increasing because of the number of births within that community. Somewhere between a third and half of the estimated 11 million undocumented Hispanics currently in America were born in America. In other words, in accordance with our Constitution, they are actually fellow Americans. Nevertheless, this Administration has extradited more undocumented immigrants than any previous Administration. Among the factors accounting for more extraditions are two changes made during this Administration: the border control force has been augmented and is now larger than all Federal law agencies combined; and the Administration has emphasized the priority of extraditing all undocumented residents with criminal records whether recorded here or in their country of origin. Having stated these factors, I have not dismissed the number of law-abiding undocumented immigrants that have been exported to their native countries. I just do not have their numbers, but can only guess at the anguish of their families.
➣ The issues of health and competency of our Presidential candidates seem to be a matter for the electorate to decide. Both candidates have letters from medical doctors testifying they are fit for office. Both candidates will be the oldest nominees for office since President Reagan. Their medical condition is a matter for consideration in their respective eligibility for office.

These issues are not the only things discussed and argued during this campaign season. But they seem to get the most attention. Apart from the nominees’ respective health or competency, why should we fear foreign terrorist, Syrian refugees, undocumented Mexican nationals, or Muslims? Obviously, terrorists do not present an existential threat to America at this time. The focus should be—and already is—on corralling and defeating Daesh in Syria, limiting their ability to resupply and support their fighters, and counter their internet recruitment efforts. Regarding the Syrian immigrant crisis, it has hardly touched the United States homeland. At this time, America is already the largest contributor to refugee camps overseas. But it is true that America’s one to two year vetting process does slow down the flow of refugees. This vetting process could be expedited if Congress chose to exempt certain classes of refugees, as they did at the conclusion of the Vietnam War. Given the large number of immigrants already seeking residency in America, there seems to be little incentive for Congress to exempt or reduce the vetting of Syrian refugees. The concern about large numbers of criminals entering via our southern border or of terrorists entering with visas from Muslim countries like Syria is not supported by facts. With respect to Muslim immigrants, our Constitution would prohibit their exclusion on the basis of their religion. And Muslims have been immigrating to America since 1880; and nearly all of the three million or so Muslims currently living in America were born here. Never in the intervening 136 years have American Muslims presented any reason for other Americans to fear them. So, given these considerations, why do these issues consume so much consideration?

The answer involves motivation. The Republican nominee fans unwarranted fears of a denigrated portion of the electorate, while demonizing his opponent. The Democratic nominee uses these misdirected fears to draw attention to her counterpart’s incompetence, while likewise demonizing him. The press is content to cover any contest that entertains its audience or readers with the back-and-forth of accusations, conspiracy theories, alleged scandals, and personal insults. In other words, both campaigns and the press want to shape the narrative to either sell a candidate or hold an audience’s attention, respectively. But what is being missed in this campaign charade? What issues are real causes for concern? Let’s review a few hard problems that are being overlooked.

➣ Our contest with Russia has been on a slow burn for over a decade now and threatens to overheat to that point of no return. The press laughed at the 2012 Republican Presidential nominee for drawing attention to this concern. But is another Cold War imminent? Or are we already so engaged? This contest with Russia did not start with the Georgia invasion nor culminate with the invasions of Crimea and eastern Ukraine. It is ongoing and has precedents. President Bush encouraged the expansion of NATO to the Russian border and withdrew the United States from the ABM treaty. Under President Obama, the United States activated a missile defense site in Romania, broke ground on another missile defense site in Poland, and punished Russia for its actions in Ukraine with stringent economic sanctions. Meanwhile, Putin has been planning how to neutralize the supposed threats posed by these missile defense sites in Eastern Europe. While Congress is proposing a one trillion dollar allocation over ten years to modernize the nuclear triad, including new cruise missiles, nuclear submarines, ICBMs, and bombers, Putin has announced he will bring five new strategic nuclear missile regiments into service. It is naive to call Putin a bully who merely needs to be confronted. He is acting out of the context of recent history and his own predilections regarding America’s allegedly devious intentions. Our next President has to find a way to deal with Putin before either side continues this escalation into a tense standoff in Eastern Europe—something reminiscent of the Cuban missile crisis.
➣ North Korea and Iran are both developing ICBMs which normally are built to deliver nuclear warheads. Meanwhile, President Obama has decided to deliver a missile defense system to South Korea. Israel, of course, already has the American supplied Iron Dome Missile Shield. With respect to Iran, The President’ pursuit of the Iran nuclear deal was intended to immediately set back Iran’s nuclear program and establish an inspection protocol that would permanently remove the threat of a weaponized nuclear program. (Whether his intent is successful will depend upon the verification protocol being maintained and Iran’s behavior after the initial ten year reductions in their atomic energy program are “normalized.”) North Korea’s recent underground nuclear test definitely raises the stakes there. Kim Jong Un’s intent to develop intercontinental missiles weaponized with nuclear warheads is transparent. Perhaps I am alone in wondering whether the missile defense systems the United States is installing in Eastern Europe and South Korea might also have a dual role. Besides protecting our allies, they could also serve as an early warning system for a possible nuclear attack on the homeland. Maybe my imagination is running away with me. But, last I checked, our nuclear defense is still based upon mutual mass destruction. In this context, early warning is critical. And the intent of a nuclear armed North Korea becomes critical in raising America’s alert level and response preparedness.
➣ China now boasts that its nuclear submarine fleet is larger than the U. S. fleet. It has extended its reach from the South China Sea to the Western Pacific. Meanwhile, the U. S. has ramped up its naval presence in the Eastern Pacific and promoted alliances across Asia as a counterweight to Chinese influence in the region. American ships and reconnaissance flights in the South China Sea have instigated Chinese intercepts which have been termed provocative and dangerous by the Pentagon. Meanwhile the Chinese are proposing their own RECEP (Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership) agreement to counter the Obama Administration’s TPP (The Pacific Partnership) agreement that both Presidential candidates have criticized. China fears that the TPP will cement America’s influence in their region where possibly 40% of the world’s commerce may reside.
➣ The Middle East is in the midst of a medieval clash of civilizations where modernity is being weighed against the rigid security of oppressive regimes and the comforting customs of religious practice. Will some form of democracy emerge or, in the absence of democratic institutions, just mob violence? How can traditional religious practice meld with the secularism of modern states? The West could stand back and watch the Middle East burn. Or, perhaps under American leadership, the West could find a way to act constructively and respectfully in the region. The fighting in Syria, Iraq, Yemen, Libya, and the spillover into terrorist acts of violence in Saudi Arabia, Egypt, Bahrain, and Jordan now overshadow the long standing conflict between Israel and the Palestinian territory. There is only one unifying theme in the region’s amalgam of dissident sects, tribal rivalries, and foreign engagement in proxy wars, specifically, distrust for the West. Although America was never part of the colonial regimes, it is still seen as the chief representative of the West and is called the Great Satan. Since the Carter Administration, every President has taken a turn at solving the Middle East conundrum. It may be unsolvable for anybody from the West. Nevertheless, no President can completely ignore the region for, as we have seen in Syria and the recent wars in Afghanistan, Iraq, and Libya , this region’s dysfunction cannot be contained within its borders.
➣ On the home front, there are far too many issues that loom large; but none can be addressed because of gridlock in Washington. Party politics have made it impossible to address any issue in a united and coordinated fashion, including the national debt (13-14 trillion plus another 6 trillion owed to the Social Security Trust Fund), deficit spending (forecasted to average 500 billion per year through 2021), infra structure investments (roads bridges, airports, the electrical grid, internet access, etc.), other related tactics in support for job creation (like an infra structure bank, inner city economic zones, renewable energy subsidies, and so on), measures to address income inequality (like a minimum wage increase, extension of the earned income credit, tuition subsidies, vocational training in high school, additional support for community colleges, etc.), tax reform (leveling the corporate field for competition by eliminating loopholes and lowering corporate taxes uniformly, lowering the tax burden for working middle class families, eliminating tax havens overseas, etc.), health care (cost reductions in pharmaceuticals, shoring up the insurance loss counter-provisions now prohibited by the courts, possibly some compromise on a public option), and entitlement reforms to bolster the solvency of Social Security and Medicare. The reason there are so many unaddressed issues is the fact that they have been accumulating for years without even appearing on the Congressional agenda. Meanwhile, 50-60 repeals of “Obamacare” have passed the House; and the government’s budget is juggled like a hot potato until the legislators run for the exit at the midnight deadline. Whatever happened to the “service” in public service?

Both wittingly and unwittingly, the media shapes the narratives of this campaign season to focus on the less significant issues while the candidates in turn attempt to disqualify each other as unfit for office. My readers can decide on who is or is not fit for office. But I am free to question this misplaced focus for trivializing a Presidential election campaign. My last bullet captures perhaps the most critical issue before us. Americans are looking for a change election because they are fed up with the way the institutions of government are being managed. They have been hijacked by special interest and political stratagems that show little regard for the general welfare of Americans. (A specific example of the latter I addressed in my blog, “Perverted Politics.”)

The current political discourse hypes bogus fears that misdirect the public into unrealistic and simplistic solutions: build walls to “protect” the nation from “illegal aliens”; prohibit Muslim a/o Syrian immigrants to “protect” Americans from terrorists. Obviously, there are and have been people who live in America without proper visas. Not all of them are Mexicans. And their offense is legally termed a misdemeanor for which they can be deported. Looking out my window, I see several of them working on a construction project. I know they are not unionized and are underpaid for their work. This is a problem for them, their families, and for America. But it is not a cause for fear. Likewise, apart from the “shoe bomber” and “underwear bomber,” who were both unsuccessful, we have had no Muslim foreign infiltrators terrorizing America since the 9/11 attack 15 years ago. We have more homegrown terrorists with whom to reckon than foreigners. And they are not “Muslim extremists.” When I studied comparative religion, a religious extremist of any denomination was an advocate for a literal interpretation of sacred scriptures, not a terrorist. So use of the term “radical Muslim extremist” is more a derogatory comment on a person’s religious affiliation than a means to defeat Daesh. It is a mislabeling intended to induce fear and loathing for a religion—an easy scapegoat for the deluded souls who adopt various justifications—religious and otherwise—for their murderous rampage.

When Roosevelt attempted to quell fear, his purpose was to give hope and instill courage in the American people. He wanted to elicit their resolve in the face of fear. A leader inspires; a politician persuades. But the citizen must distinguish the difference between inspiration and demagoguery, between persuasion and manipulation. Fear is the artifice of choice for the manipulator and the demagogue. Just remember, “The only thing we have to fear is fear itself.”

(More on this topic can be found in “America’s Broken System” and with a touch of satire, in “Compromise, An Unfulfilled Promise.”)

The Case for Optimism

Standing before a crosswalk at an intersection, what determines whether you proceed? Suppose there is a car signaling to make a right turn into your path. Another car is signaling to make a left turn from the opposite direction. Both drivers show their intent to cross your path. And, further, two cars are stopped, facing each other on the same road you intend to cross. Who has the right of way? And what do you do? Perhaps you have always felt privileged. You might assume you have the right of way even if one or more cars have entered the intersection. So you walk assuredly into the crosswalk forcing the drivers to brake. Or perhaps you trust your previous experience and training. You might proceed as you normally would at a crosswalk, perhaps maintaining eye contact with the drivers and assuring they grant you right of way. Or perhaps you could care less. You might just proceed oblivious to the drivers and their willingness to grant you the right of way. Your mind might be elsewhere, as if you were not alive in that moment. Whatever you choose to do, at a crosswalk or in life, you always act from a personal perspective. But who is responsible for the choice made and why?

A fatalist would say that you have no choice in the matter. Your course in life was preset before you were born. Further, you are not only programmed at birth by your genetic inheritance, but also by the circumstances of your life, by socially prescribed behavioral norms, by the necessity of natural laws, and perhaps even by divine providence. This predetermination explains why some people are born into rich families where they garner fame, wealth, and every possible pleasurable experience, while others seem doomed to live wretchedly in war torn conclaves, in ghettoes, or in segregated communities where all hope and opportunity are absent. The less fortunate do not deserve their fate; it just is what it is. The elite, in like manner, have what they have as a birthright, not as something earned. As a result, the privileged have no reason to pity the less fortunate, for “those people” are just not “one of us.” But, being so blessed can make a person feel superior and justified. Righteousness is the only morality left for those fortunate few who believe their success was predetermined. They may feel gratitude, but likely no compunction for the less fortunate. The unfortunates may become resigned to their plight, but likely with some measure of envy or resentment. If you are a fatalist, you face any crossroad in life either with supreme confidence or extreme dread. Whether you walk safely through a crosswalk or suffer injury, your course was set before you ever took a step forward. No one is responsible for whatever happens in that crosswalk—or in life.

Determinists, unlike fatalists, do believe in choice. If you are a determinist, your choices are caused by the conditions of your birth and your genetic inheritance, as well as your interactions with everything and everybody throughout your life. The decisions made and the habits formed in the course of your life are all factors that determined your future choices. In other words, there is a cause and effect explanation for every choice you have ever made. Whether you wait at the crosswalk or step confidently forward, your choice will be based upon your previous experience in like circumstances, your knowledge of the right of way provisions of the motor vehicle code, and your familiarity with drivers’ proclivities at intersections. Oddly, if you were consistent in your determinist beliefs, you would not be able to hold responsible a driver who ran you over in the crosswalk. Instead, you would be forced to recognize that the driver was merely adhering to a personal causal network different than your own. Morality in this instance is nobody’s responsibility for everybody does what is determined by the circumstances of their individual lives. No one is responsible for whatever happens in that crosswalk—or in life.

Besides fatalism and causal determinism, there is another related perspective that is less prevalent, but even more dark. For want of a better term, it might be called nihilism. A nihilist gives no credence to any explanation for what happens in the world. For the nihilist neither providence nor a causal chain offers a rationale for what happens. The actual course of events simulates gas molecules in a closed system colliding and crashing until they reach an end state of utter chaos. Or, as Shakespeare’s Macbeth proclaims, “life’s but a walking shadow . . . a poor player . . . upon a stage . . . a tale told by an idiot, full of sound and fury, signifying nothing.” In the nihilist’s view, it makes no difference if a person steps in front of a car or dons a suicide vest to prove that life itself has no meaning. Life is not lived, but endured. Its context is meaningless, unpredictable, and amoral. Simply, it is just random nonsense. Nobody is responsible for anything—ever.

Fatalists, determinists and nihilists all believe humans incapable of creating their own future. Our choices are predetermined, are caused by the circumstances of our birth and individual lives, or are meaningless in a world controlled by chance and condemned to entropy. These are the ultimate protagonists for pessimism. They explain the present and the future in terms of the past. They fail to recognize the human organism is by definition a counterpoint to entropy. Further, humans create systems and organizations that build new futures. They simply are unable to make a case for optimism because they lack an understanding of its key ingredient: free will. Now you might fairly argue that everybody has likely experienced pessimism at some point in their lives without being a determinist. And you would be right. But in those moments of despair, anxiety, or depression, we show the same disregard for free will. The case for optimism is the same as the case for hope: both depend upon the courage to both develop and act on our goals, our dreams, and our future wellbeing. We are always free to create a better life for ourselves, for our families, and for our communities. If we abandon hope, we lose purpose. In this way, we fall into a future determined for us, forego the precious ability to act freely and creatively, and absent our power of personal responsibility. We then are only responsible for our irresponsibility.

For those who see the world as so many gas molecules, chaotically colliding and bouncing off each other into new trajectories, their analysis of cause and effect seems to make a case for determinism. But they fail to account for purpose. Chaos theory does explain how things react to each other, but it only demonstrates how patterns persist in nature and the law of inertia works in a closed system. There is a broader perspective that explains why we consistently theorize the underlying laws in nature. Humans have a propensity to discover the “why”—to unearth the meaning that explains why things happen the way they do. Our theories evolve as we uncover new evidence that helps us explain the world around us. But the one constant in the development of scientific theory is the human imagination and our endless curiosity to find meaning and a way to explain the world and our place in it. In other words, there is a constancy of purpose. And purpose or goal setting is a function of free will. Neither science nor any human endeavor can advance without our curiosity, purposeful action, and the persistence of our free will.

Sometimes our very empiricism leads us down a path where we lose the significance of the unique wholeness of our mind body connection by mistaking the mind with the gelatinous organ of the brain. Our thinking then is just a reflection of neural patterns captured like the shutter flashes of a camera. Memory is the database we search for the patterns that may direct us through the mirage we see before us. Our sense of direction and purpose is no more than the stored images of the world we have already encountered. Our free will then is just our reaction to the firing of neurons in the brain; and the emotional content of our “decisions” are just the interaction of our gut to the brain’s neural messaging. Or perhaps the reverse is true: our gut spawns a reaction in our brain; and intestinal gas spurs our dreams. In this argument, empirical science can give cover for determinism or for those self-serving folks who prey on other’s weakness. The world of manipulation through advertising, branding, political slogans, and demagoguery is a byproduct of deterministic calculations based upon real science. But we are capable of being more than consumers, believers in “group think,” or the blind followers of bombastic leaders. These are the forces that want to take away our freedom to satisfy another’s self-importance or craven self-interest. Revolutions have been fought over personal freedom. But its importance far exceeds day-to-day choices like crossing a street.

Free will embraces free choice and more. Our choices can extend beyond predetermined options. We are capable of inventing our options or setting goals that will open the future to perhaps better options. We can solve problems before they are even present to us, that is, future problems not yet experienced but foreseen—like climate change. The ability to create something new in the world does not follow a strict causal chain, although there may still be preconditions. For example, Einstein may not have proposed his theory of special relativity without the work of previous physicists whose experiments uncovered the surprising result that the speed of light did not change. Rembrandt would not have painted the Mona Lisa without Lisa del Giocondo, his model. I would not have written a poem about my daughter, if I did not have a daughter. Theories, paintings and poems do not arise inevitably any more than from chance. They are human creations. They are not “options” presented for us to select according to presuppositions conditioned by our past. Instead they are products of imagination and free will. We have the ability to create options and freely choose amongst them. We can define our future. Many among us have chosen what may seem illogical, anti-establishment, socially unacceptable, personally embarrassing, scientifically unsupported, or, in other words, wholly undetermined. These choices are solely the products of free will. Ask yourself: if it were otherwise, how would our civilizations evolve.

Now suppose you are standing in front of a voting booth, instead of a crosswalk. Let’s make the candidates on the ballot hypothetical representations of a fatalist and a determinist. Do you vote for the candidate who makes you feel superior to the less able or to those of another race or religion? Or do you vote for the candidate who promises lots of stuff—tax breaks, good paying jobs, free tuition, and so on—in exchange for your vote? One candidate makes you feel righteous and vindicated in your abhorrence for those unlike yourself. The other seems to offer much in return for your vote. The choice is either joining the cult of the fatalist or yielding to the deterministic manipulation of the panderer. Fortunately, not all political candidates make promises without proposing policies to fulfill them. These candidates do not fall into one of these hypothetical categories. But those that can be so categorized justify cynicism within the electorate. And that cynicism can become even more intensified if it yields to apathy or the belief that election results merely reflect the chaos in our electorate. But neither the fatalist nor the determinist show much regard for our humanity because they are convinced that they can either command your support or subdue you into apathy. In their mind, you are weak and will bequeath your responsibility for the future to them. In a previous blog I argued for a self-determined future (reference, “We Become the Future We Seek”). If you do not agree, then to whom or to what do you assign responsibility for the future? And what case can then be made for optimism?

Nineteen days after the armistice was signed, on September 2, 71 years ago, the Japanese surrendered, officially marking the end of World War II. Since then, we have not seen the end of bloodshed and violence. But many countries have come together to prevent another debacle of the magnitude of that war in which somewhere between 50 and 80 million people died. Perhaps it is time to remember how the hopelessness of a world depression and the privations of the previous war’s aftermath gave birth to the Third Reich and how Jews were massacred, Korean and Chinese women were enslaved, and American Japanese were herded into internment camps. The leaders of the Axis powers were, respectively, imperialist, nationalist and fascist—all three advocating their version of nativism. They believed their authority was fated, their cause righteous, and their victims deserving of their plight by birth. The world these men created was almost unfathomably vicious and dark. Somehow men and women chose to defeat these nativists and their proclamation of supremacy over others and of their self-righteous brutalization of those they deemed unfit or less human. Since their time, the world has chosen a better path forward. This is not the time to stumble. Try to remember the joy of V Day and the hope that day instilled in our parents and grandparents. They have passed the baton of responsibility for our future to us. We need to carry it forward for our sake and for our posterity. It alone makes the case for optimism. For there really is no other alternative.

The Twistcon Revisited

My readers may remember my discussion with Savvy, the Twistcon political avatar (reference “The Twistcon”). At the time I was merely curious how such a device would make political campaigning easier. Since then, I have become quite bewildered by the American Presidential campaign. So I decided to revisit Twistcon and ask Savvy to clear up some of my confusion. The following is a record of our dialogue:

Savvy: You’re back! Have you reconsidered running for office?
Me: No. Thanks to you I know what that would cost. Not only my wife, but my children would abandon me.
Savvy: Glad to help. At least now you know character assassination is part of politics.
Me: But does it work? How does it work? And is it fair—do I even dare to say—is it moral?
Savvy: Your last question confuses the game of politics with philosophy, the same mistake Aristotle made. He feared democracy would release a torrent of insidious accusations, demagoguery and the risk of mob rule. My data supports his concerns. But he missed the point. Surely you can see any question of fairness is just naïve. You know your first President was accused of murder and treason by opposition journalists*.
Me: That tact clearly didn’t work.
Savvy: Actually the accusations were not aimed at Washington but at his Vice President who was running to succeed him. You know “the sins of the father . . .”
Me: So the end justifies the means. Define your opponent’s character directly or by association with any repulsive act whether true or fictional. Still, I was right: it didn’t work. John Adams was elected anyway.
Savvy: You asked three questions. Two have been answered. The first is simply the wrong question. Instead you should ask why it doesn’t always work.
Me: Okay, why does character assassination not always work?
Savvy: You might think the answer is that it’s proven wrong. But, as John Adams insisted, you must let “nothing pass unanswered; reasoning must be answered by reasoning; wit by wit, humor by humor; satire by satire; burlesque by burlesque and even buffoonery by buffoonery.**” My database is filled with examples of political contests where “burlesque” and “buffoonery” compete with logic, rhetoric, ridicule, sarcasm and satire. You see Adams paved the way for all future Presidential campaigns.
Me: So character assassination is best answered by character assassination?
Savvy: You are a slow learner. Remember the old adage, “You can only beat fire with fire.”
Me: I think I’m beginning to understand. One of our candidates deleted emails and the other refuses to show tax returns. They divert voters from these cover-ups while attacking their opponents. The voters are left to deal with assumptions and accusations rather than facts, right? But this is really unfair.
Savvy: Indeed, you are a political neophyte. You miss the point entirely. It is completely possible that neither the tax returns nor the deleted emails involve criminal activity. Both, however, provide many avenues of attack. No candidate wants to be put in a position to defend against innumerable innuendoes and negative associations. These opponents aren’t necessarily hiding illegal activities. They’re just shadow boxing. What if the tax returns show that a real estate mogul pays less or no taxes? What if a cabinet official’s emails show support for a charitable organization created by a spouse? All the minutiae in those tax returns and in those emails would be roiled in the press and the opponent’s campaign apparatus ad nauseam. Avoiding a punch is as much a part of the contest as delivering a blow.
Me: But what if the tax return is fraudulent or the emails reveal a “pay to play” by a government official?
Savvy: How likely is it that the tax lawyers of a wealthy businessman would submit a fraudulent tax return? And what personal gain would not a cabinet official obtain by steering a philanthropist to a charitable organization in which neither she nor her spouse receives monetary compensation?
Me: I guess I really don’t get it.
Savvy: Politics is more about perception than reality.
Me: Shadow boxing . . . throwing and defending punches with a shadow rather than a real opponent . . .
Savvy: Now you’re beginning to understand. The contest is first fought virtually in campaign back rooms, then publically in the arena refereed by the press, and finally in the minds of the voters.
Me: In the scenario you’ve drawn, even the candidates aren’t real. I mean both candidates are contesting with a straw opponent while conjuring a self-image they believe will win an election.
Savvy: Finally, you’re beginning to understand.
Me: You’ve left me with a different dilemma. In order to make this election real, I have to analyze intent as well as stated positions, disregard innuendos where facts are not known, weigh best versus worst case scenarios, and somehow determine who can be trusted in office?
Savvy: Welcome to democracy.

Frustrated, I turned off Twistcon’s power. Maybe I’m a bit disillusioned with the game. Politicians attempt to create the arena that favors them while the press reports endlessly on every ebb and flow of the blow-by-blow contest that unfolds. The only absolutely real part of the show is my vote—and the trust I put in the candidate I choose.

* p. 909, Smith, Page (1963), “John Adams,” Volume II, Norwalk: The Easton Press.
**p. 833, Ibid.

A Soldier’s Nightmare

A red flower erect in a cratered landscape
Perhaps a sign of life on an alien planet,
But here, a lying portent defacing the place
Where I remain alone on a sterile plain

Just moments before he waved me forward
To join him in our fellowship
As friends and brothers in service together
To stand united for love of country

Now only a bloodied hand remains
And reaches out from his unsought grave
A bloom of human immolation
In a bleak garden of devastation

His grave unmarked but for one red blot
That rises in defiance of why wars are fought.

AJD 8/17/2016

We Become the Future We Seek

Emmanuel Kant asked the question, “What is man?” Actually, this was the last of four questions that seemed to summarize the previous three, namely, “What can I know? What ought I to do? What may I hope?” These are all questions that go to the core of every human being. Today, I respectfully submit my response in terms of our current human condition.

First, we need to recognize what we share with other species before we analyze what makes our condition so different. Darwin already summarized what all species have in common, that is, the will to survive. Survival, he explained, was enhanced by evolution, the natural genetic selection of those more fit to survive in a dangerous world. Although early humanoids developed over a million years ago, most anthropologists believe the first modern human appeared about 40,000 years ago. His first survival task may have been to eliminate his predecessors, in this case the Neanderthals. Although there is some evidence of genetic assimilation with his predecessor, there is little doubt that the modern human competed more effectively for resources and was more capable of defending territory and tribe. Survival then was based upon genetic development. The human genome is part of who we are.

Secondly, we need to recognize how human survival differed from other species. As it turns out, tribal security was a major factor. Ancient civilizations lived on an earth centered world protected by tribal gods. Individuals within these civilized societies shared ethnic and social taboos that supported their assimilation and defined their roles. A person could live secure in a human centered cosmos and with a socially defined destiny. The most significant threat to this security was other civilizations, tribes, or cultures. Normally, animal species do not attempt to eliminate their own kind. But early human civilizations did regularly clash with each other. Besides natural disasters and predator species, humans felt threatened by other tribes and civilizations. These were the external threats that incurred the most fear, precipitated the buildup of weapons and arms, and insulated societies within the cocoon of their respective cultures. As a result, human history has become replete with intra-species violence: the clash of civilizations, barbaric invasions, border skirmishes, and even world wars. Internecine violence is also part of who we are.

The post-World War environment in which we now live still has many tribal conflicts, invasions, and border intrusions. But it also has international laws, treaties, trade agreements, and an expanding global communication network. Part of human evolution, then, includes a new approach to survival, one that includes communication and cooperation rather than conflict and war. But evolution is a slow process and develops initially at the individual level. Obviously, many of us still feel insecure and fear the enemy at our shores or the terrorists in our midst. Why do we harbor such insecurity and fear? Partly the answer rests in the unsettling nature of external threats such as terrorism, nuclear armed intercontinental missiles, and ongoing conflicts that could devolve into larger wars. Despite our progress, we still harbor the same fears of earlier civilizations. Our struggle to redefine ourselves is also part of who we are.

But now we have new internal threats that go to the heart of Kant’s question. In a sense, our very progress stands in the way of understanding who we are. For example, when we look at a painting, admire the workmanship of a hand carved chair, or listen to a music composition, we are immediately confronted with the personal power of the artist, the carpenter, or the composer. But most of us have little opportunity to realize our personal creative power. In fact, the world we now inhabit insulates us even from any sense of how the things we use and experience are generated. We drive cars we cannot repair, live in homes we cannot build, eat food we do not produce, communicate with people not even present, and work in environments where schedules and performance criteria are determined increasingly by computers. The economy we have created operates according to statistical laws we only superficially understand and struggle to control. Financial markets trade at the whim of programmed algorithms that no person controls and few even understand. And our politics displays much less rationality than Plato’s ideal, but rather a helter-skelter process that hurdles towards unforeseeable ends. What is apparent in contemporary politics is the will to power, but not its direction. Although politicians make it so, they have no control over its outcome. So as a worker, as an economic unit, and as a citizen, the modern human lives less securely than his predecessors. Tribal fear still persists from terrorists or the actions of rogue nations. In addition, we now live less secure with what we have created but do not control and without the comforting belief in a benign cosmos that exists just for us.

So “What is man,” the philosopher asks. Part of the answer is that we are an animal species with special rational powers. Our will to survive is part of our animal inheritance, as is our fear and pervading sense of insecurity. Our rational powers are the human inheritance that empowers us to create our future. On the evolutionary scale, humans have begun to climb their own ladder. It is not just the physical development of the frontal lobe or even the cultural developments of human history that explains us. We are defined by our goals.

If we cannot answer Kant’s question today, our failure is not the result of irrationality or religious belief. We are instead struggling to define our goals as a human race. To the extent we fear each other, we will feel insecure. To the extent we are subservient to our technology, we will feel less empowered. To the extent we remain unable to make our economy or our politics serve our basic needs and general welfare, we will feel oppressed and bewildered by systems run amuck. We cannot satisfy Kant’s query “What is man” because we have yet to finish our development as humans. The future of “man” is intrinsically tied to what Martin Luther King Jr. called the “audacity of hope.” Our essence, then, is partly aspirational. Perhaps the only appropriate response to Kant is “We shall see.”

Political Common Sense

Is my title an oxymoron? Well, yes, because it does not distinguish between political sense and common sense. Allow me to explain the difference with a few examples drawn from the American presidential campaign.

    The Clinton Email Controversy

Factual premise: The FBI recovered 30,000 emails from Secretary Clinton’s last server and some 20,000 other emails from previously abandoned servers and from recipient’s emails routinely deleted from Mrs. Clinton’s server. They read every single email they recovered or tracked down on recipient’s email files. About 2,000 of these emails were posthumously classified by “other” agencies (Pentagon? N. S. A.?). Amongst those emails reviewed, 110 were classified at the time they were sent/received. The email chains on these emails were as high as 52 recipients. Of these emails only eight (or seven, according to Mrs. Clinton) were marked classified as “Top Secret.” Four of these were found to be incorrectly classified according to Mrs. Clinton. In addition, three documents were classified with “partial markings,” according to the FBI, or “inappropriately marked,” as termed by Mrs. Clinton. So, out of 50,000 emails, there may have been one clearly identified classified document that passed through her server and through other email accounts in the State Department (depending upon whether there were seven or eight “Top Secret” documents before deducting the four incorrectly classified and the three with “partial markings”).

Political sense: Mrs. Clinton has jeopardized national security and deserves the pseudonym of “lyin’ crooked Hillary” and should be “locked up.”

Common sense: If an urgent or classified matter of national importance needed to be sent to the Secretary, her decision to maintain a private server placed her subordinates in a compromising position. This decision is what Mrs. Clinton regrets and has termed a mistake. Her statement that she trusted her professional associates to determine the appropriate classification is an apparent dodge of the FBI Director’s accusation that her actions were “extremely careless.” That dodge makes political sense in the midst of a campaign. But it begs common sense. The broader issue, however, is how poorly the various agencies determine and maintain security classifications. They seem to operate in a context where there is no uniformity and little consistency in the handling of sensitive material. Mrs. Clinton was part of this inter agency problem which, I suspect, has been around for a very long time.

    The Trump Campaign Style

Factual premise: Donald Trump is a successful and accomplished businessman who says whatever is on his mind. He is not “politically correct,” demeans the use of a teleprompter, and therefore, unlike many established politicians, is authentic.

Political sense: Mr. Trump is an outsider with the business acumen to create jobs, to enrich average Americans, to shake up the self-serving Washington establishment, and to “make America great again.”

Common sense: Mr. Trump’s son says that his father is “a blue collar billionaire.” But, as John Stewart recently stated, “that is not a thing.” Though CEOs I have known do care about their employees, they direct their companies primarily from the bottom line, that is, the corporate ledger. Companies succeed by selling more products/services than servicing debts and meeting operating costs. Mr. Trump’s bankruptcies represent failures to do so. Moreover, the penalty for this type of failure falls mainly upon creditors and employees, both blue and white collar.

Mr. Trump says he will shake up the establishment because he is a premier deal maker. His success in leveraging municipalities’ investments and the tax depreciation schedule to finance his real estate projects is evidence of his deal making prowess. But he is no Lyndon Johnson who spent years in the Congress mastering the legislative machinery and learning what levers to pull with his associates to attain his goals. How does Mr. Trump’s deal making skills translate to Washington? In truth, he is a neophyte with little knowledge of how the government works and, apparently, not much familiarity with either the separation of powers or the Articles of our Constitution.

Mr. Trump’s campaign slogan seems to address the plight of white middle class blue collar workers. It somewhat narrowly resonates with Bernie Sander’s concern about income inequality. The middle class worker’s income has not kept pace with his/her productivity. The poorer classes, which still harbor more minorities, have even less upward mobility. Wealth in America is disproportionately amassed by large international corporations and a few billionaires, much as it was before the Great Depression. But Mr. Trump is no Franklin Roosevelt. His plan to eliminate the estate tax, to lower the tax rate for the wealthy, and to make child care a deduction instead of a tax credit offers no benefit to the vast majority of Americans. The question for Mr. Trump: for whom will he make America great again?

And, finally, though authenticity is welcome and sorely needed in our elected representatives, it is not predictive of performance in office. In fact, it has no value without character. The question voters must ask themselves is whether Mr. Trump has the strength of character—the discrimination, the compassion, the composure, the self-discipline—to lead our nation.

    Media Coverage of the Presidential Campaign

Factual premise: The media has become apoplectic with political commentary, polls, and daily coverage of every word or action of the candidates.

Political sense: Every gaffe, political strategy, and polling results have a bearing on the outcome of the Presidential campaign. Its daily progress will determine the winner. The press’ job from this perspective is to predict who that will be as it breaks down the contests each day and even in each state.

Common sense: There are journalists who do not follow the campaign like an inning by inning baseball scorecard. Rather than a game to be won or lost, they analyze the expectations of the electorate, the shortfalls of government institutions, the needs of national security, the nation’s progress towards the goals set in the Preamble to our Constitution, and the effectiveness of the candidates’ proposed agenda to address these concerns. From this vantage point, they can educate the electorate and provide the one service that justifies their labor.

I readily concede that both the media and the candidates feel compelled to a course that makes political sense. But somehow we Americans have to navigate through the media myopia and the political demagoguery to determine which candidate we trust to administer our institutions, our military, and our foreign policy. We have just one task: to select the candidate we trust to govern us wisely in accordance with our Constitution and our “general welfare.” That task is just simple common sense.

Had Enough Already?

Comedians use satire to expose somebody’s flaw or discredit a false statement. They often embellish their satire with irony, a rhetorical flourish, or wit to highlight the contrasting virtue or truth. Sometimes their satire incorporates sarcasm in order to insult the character of somebody, literally to sneer at the targeted person. Although comedians do not always deploy sarcasm in their satire, politicians very often do, especially during campaigns.

In the next hundred days, Americans will task themselves with unravelling the snarling sarcasm inveighed by our two presidential candidates against each other. Both Party nominees want to win our trust by exposing the reasons why we should distrust their opponent. Part of our task is to weigh the legitimacy of the truth implied in the discrediting insult. But this task may become difficult in the melee already underway. Since sarcasm is meant to be hurtful, it easily invites retribution. In other words, this presidential campaign could well devolve into a bar brawl where the winner is whoever punches harder. One of the candidates has already used this metaphor to exclaim his intent to punch harder. But has reason ever won a bar fight? The value of satire is demeaned when sarcasm stands alone as pure meanness and insult. Stated more plainly, it is imperative upon us to evaluate the truth behind accusations that accuse Clinton of being a liar and a crook and Trump of lacking the temperament and competency to be President.

Both candidates have used satire touched with sarcasm. You can judge their relative success by simply reviewing their respective use of satire. For example, in past years Mr. Trump has pointed out the irony that Obama won the Presidency even though he should have been disqualified by reason of his alleged foreign birth. He now offers the irony of Clinton seeking the office of Commander-and-Chief while violating national security and failing to protect our Foreign Service personnel overseas. He accuses her of being a crook who has violated the law and lied about knowingly receiving classified documents on her personal email server and who repeatedly denied responsibility for the deaths of foreign officials who were killed during the attack on the CIA protected consulate in Benghazi. Mrs. Clinton, for her part, has called attention to the irony of Mr. Trump’s claim to be “the voice” for working Americans whose wages have not kept pace with the growth in our economy. She has sarcastically referred to his lack of experience as an employee, to his propensity to hire overseas workers, to fight union participation for his domestic laborers, to his hiring of illegal immigrants, to his several bankruptcies that relieved him of any obligation to his creditors, and to his tendency to engage small business owners in lengthy legal battles rather than meet their demands for either his adherence to mutually signed agreements or to a fair settlement of their contributions to his business.

When sarcasm has no basis in fact, then it is not satire, but simply unabashed insult. In the political arena, too often the only irony is that there is no irony, for there is very often not even the semblance of truth. I don’t believe the previous paragraph misrepresents either candidate’s statements. It is not at all difficult to assess the truth behind their scathing sarcasm. Which one deserves your trust? You be the judge.

My readers know I have a propensity to delve into the roots of language. So, in closing, I feel compelled to point out a strange linguistic anomaly: the word “satire” and “sad” have the same Latin root, satis, which literally mean “enough.” It seems that feeling sad is a surfeit of grief or unhappiness; and satire expresses a surfeit of another’s vice or folly. We very quickly reach our fill of unhappiness, but we can revel endlessly in another’s falseness. If you will excuse a little linguistic gymnastics on my part, satire might just be our way of keeping sadness at bay. Certainly, you never see a politician pounding his/her chest with a resounding mea culpa when it is so much easier to find fault with an opponent, even if that fault is based upon a lie.

This campaign season has already suffered enough from misused satire. When based upon a lie, sarcasm is not satire. It is simply an insult intended to malign an opponent and repel any assessment of the self.

Are you dissatisfied with this campaign? Have you had enough already?

Nature’s Inheritance

Recently I read an article about the healthful effects of certain wood essential oils, called phytoncides. It seems a simple walk in the woods can elicit an immune reaction that releases anti-cancer proteins. The Japanese call this exercise “forest bathing.” Recent studies have noted other benefits as well: “forest bathing” is believed to boost the immune system, lower blood pressure, reduce stress, improve mood, increase ability to focus—even in children with ADHD, accelerate recovery from surgery or illness, increase energy level, and improve sleep. For anyone who has camped or hiked in a forest, these studies are not surprising. Nevertheless, (bear with me) serious science has been devoted to phytoncides’ effect on cytolytic activity of NK-9wMI cells and the expression pf peroorin, tranzyme A, and granulysin. Now I am not one to discredit serious science, but I do wonder about this obsession to verify empirically what simple introspection already makes apparent. I doubt any research scientist would lessen your fear of cancer with the suggestion of a walk in the forest. But what this research does highlight—and affirm—is the body/mind connection, even though its focus is exclusively on the physical elements.

Over the last decade health professionals have similarly demonstrated and borne witness to the fact that meditation can improve focus, energy, peace of mind, and a general sense of well-being. Our common experience also tells us that nature often elicits this beneficial meditative state. Why else do we Americans frequent our many natural parks? They help ground us with our connection to all that we can sense and thereby with our own bodies. That connection to the tangible world is also one of the triggers for our sense of wonder and awe.

Now wonder is at the root of all philosophy, as many philosophers have told us. And awe is the inspiration for most of what we humans struggle to express in our art, music, literature, and many of our cultural forms and figures. It is, I believe, at the core of all spirituality. Nature can inspire wonder and awe. It can awaken in us a deep resonance with all that is. And, in this manner, that resonance can change the meaning of one’s life.

Some years ago I published a work of historical fiction centered on the Vietnam War and the turmoil of the 1960’s. As you might expect, the experiences I depicted are drawn from real life. There is one scene in that book where my main character finally begins to overcome his fears—of death, commitment, and love. This scene is pivotal for it establishes the basis for his future decisions and the courage he will need to act on them. The context is one of heightened tension as his headquarters detachment awaits an eminent attack. It is the eve of the Tet Offensive in which many thousands would perish.

During his lunch break, Regis climbed the water tower. He had taken off his fatigues and stripped down to his boots and shorts. When he got to the top, he did not recline as planned, for the asphalt top would have been too hot on his bare back. Instead, he sat on the edge and hugged his knees to his chest, absorbing the heat of the sun bearing down on his uncovered head and shoulders. The horizon stretched out in all directions from his perch, the highest point on the highest hill in the local landscape. The more distant hills came to life with a fresh vividness. Their sun baked treetops aligned in a rolling pattern that mirrored the rise and fall of the earth beneath them as they reached towards the sun. They did not shrink from the heat, as Regis must, after too much exposure. They embraced it. For a time, Regis tried to embrace that heat as well. He could feel the pores of his skin releasing life-giving water into the air. In the valleys at the base of the surrounding hills, Regis perceived a slight mist that added translucence to the unending green that marched up the foothills in ever deepening hues. They too were giving up their moisture in an ongoing weather cycle that connected with endless other life cycles, of which Regis was a very small part.

His head began to throb with the rhythmic pounding of blood through his temples. His body was succumbing to a countdown in its own cycle of life and death. His death, he knew, was inevitable. If not Charlie (the Viet Cong), then nature would claim its purpose with him. There was nothing for him to do except to accept it. With his brain blasted by the heat, eyes bloated with the kaleidoscope of endless shades of green against a piercing blue sky, and the sound of nature’s silent voice humming like a seashell in his ear, Regis was overcome with the sheer beauty that rampaged at the gates of his senses. An alternate reality, ever-present but previously ignored, had broken down the barriers of his consciousness. He slid to the side of the tower, clasped the ladder rungs and slowly—with a savoring deliberation—descended. He felt unfamiliarly at peace, both with himself and with everything (“A Culpable Innocence,” page 165-166).

The key words in this excerpt are “he felt.” The affinity my protagonist felt with nature opens a window of awareness into the human heart and into the mystery of our kind. In our post-industrial and contemporary technological age, we tend to favor the view that intelligence is the dominant factor in human civilization: science is dominant, logic prevails, and well written laws can define morality and social interactions. But we evolved organically out of the very stuff our senses touch every day of our lives; and our minds can do more than objectify what we perceive. Not only can we analyze, but we can also experience our presence in the world, that is, feel reality in the absence of any intervening thoughts. We are more than a pretentious self-evolving species that can define chemical changes in our cells and even begin to manipulate our genetic inheritance. In moments of deep introspection, we can identify with nature. The danger before us, I suspect, is the foolhardy assumption that we can divorce ourselves from nature, from the mother that bore us into existence, and from our own mind/body identity. Not only has nature formed the physical basis for our existence and the introspective awareness of our presence in the world, but it can ground us in its most fundamental lesson: we cannot survive a divorce from nature, neither as individuals nor as a species.

Perhaps the supreme challenge of our time is maintaining our affinity with the natural life forces that course through our bodies. A simple walk in the woods may not only bring peace of mind, but reorient our consciousness to nature’s ubiquity and the unbiased reality of pure existence. Like the main character in my book, feeling existence in the face of death might just be the premise for leading a meaningful life. At least that was what I learned on that water tower.

(Note: If this blog resonates with you, you might also be interested in “Bound in a Nutshell . . . King of Infinite Space,” “It’s a Small World After All,” and “The Doors of Perception.”)

My Anne

Her music is a bow drawn lightly across a string
rather than fingers skipping and pounding on keys.

She is exuberant like a flower opening to dawn
rather than an overripe grapefruit falling from a tree.

Her laughter sings a melodic strain
like a chime that answers a petulant breeze:
both responsive to the moment and soothing to the ear.

The music I hear in her words
is the heart that beats in her bosom:
the echo of love’s conjoining
that issued from my loins.

AJD: 7/07/2016

A Prescription for Change

A new documentary attempts to divulge the context of O. J. Simpson’s trial, the so-called “trial of the century.” It not only explores O. J.’s life before the trial, but also the circumstances of both his life and the trial, to include the state of race relations in Los Angeles generally and between the African-American community and the Los Angeles Police Department more specifically. The assumption behind this production is that we can never really understood O. J., the crime, or the verdict without an understanding of the context. You see, everything is connected: race, culture, locale, background, and even history.

Some day in the future, another documentary will be researched and presented to the American people in order to make sense of our current political upheaval. It is probably presumptuous of me to write about the context of the storm that is brewing. But it seems to me that the stakes are too high if we ignore it entirely. To the extent that we can grapple with our contemporary context, we may be able to divert a very unwelcome trajectory into our future.

What the current electoral season seems to reveal is that Americans are not happy with their government or, at least, with the candidates running for office or those already in office. And yet, Americans continue to vote for incumbents: allegedly, 80% of House seats are considered non-competitive. Meanwhile, our major parties continue to nominate established politicians—with the notable exception of a one recent Presidential nominee. On the one hand, we seem to trust local politicians or familiar candidates; but, at the same time, the new and different outsider captures our hopes for change. Clearly, we want change, but are divided on how to accomplish it. The question I am asking today is whether we are mistaken in placing our hopes in any candidate for office without understanding the context. More to my point, no champion, political savant or crash-and-burn strongman can alone change a social environment with deep historical roots, the entrenchment of a failed system of governing, or the implacable façade of an inflexible ideology.

Taking an historical perspective, one must admit our society has been both pluralistic and divisive from its very outset. Even before our slice of the continent became America, migrants began populating this land. First, they came from various countries in Europe. Those early settlers pushed the native Indians from their hereditary lands and imported slaves from Africa. To this day, most Native Americans live in impoverished Reservations while many African Americans live in poor segregated communities where access to public services, education, and job opportunities lag far behind the general population. Subsequent migrations from Europe, Asia, and the American sub continents have all been met with resistance before their eventual assimilation, usually over one or two generations. That resistance has always been colored by prejudice. Remember the injustice of the Japanese internment camps or the exploitation of Mexicans in the Bracero program. Although our society has at times assimilated large numbers of migrants, such as refugees from foreign wars, we still seem reluctant to fully integrate people who have been here as long as or longer than any segment of our population, such as Indians, African Americans, and Mexicans. The concept of a “more perfect union” still runs afoul of divisiveness born of racial and ethnic prejudice.

Overlapping with these racial and ethnic divides are social economic factors that further define both the diversity and contention within America. The mobility inherent in our system has allowed people to concentrate within communities of similar ethnic and social economic identities. It is this concentration phenomenon that has given our political parties the inspiration to develop gerrymandering into an art form. The rural/urban divide, as a result, seems to largely define Party alignments. Population centers like our major cities have no more voice in the House of Representatives than much less populated rural, districts. Should we be surprised that our diversity supports contention in Washington along the lines of race, ethnic origin, and urban/rural communities of like-minded perspectives? Both divisiveness and cultural diversity are very much a part of our context.

Another aspect of our society is what is now commonly called “low information voters.” When news outlets offer this label, they seem to imply a native ignorance within a portion of our population. But there is no lack of common sense amongst Americans. It is not “low information voters” that are deficient, but low information providers. Once again, I must turn my focus on cable news where it appears many people obtain the news of the day. The core issue here is corporately sponsored news programs produced for profit. How often do you hear a speech from a public servant without commercial interruption? Sponsorship and ratings are the driving force instead of viewer education. The few exceptions are programs that combine both characteristics or that function as “fillers” in prohibitive time slots. For the most part, the broadcast media is obsessed with the loudest voice, the most outlandish behavior, scandal, offensive dialogue, and a complete lack of in-depth reporting where context is almost never included. When politicians oppose each other’s positions, “objective” reporting most often lends air time to both positions without reporting on the objective truth of their remarks. Fair or equal access to media may seem to be a neutral position for a corporation not wanting to offend its consumers, but how neutral is a failure to report facts or state the consequences of serious issues? Neutrality in this instance is just journalistic cowardice and a disservice to the American public. Of course, the lack of substantive civics education is a factor in voter participation; and so is the truncated information or misinformation that inundates social media. Nevertheless, the broadcast media, unlike other, less available news outlets is largely responsible for the “low-information” voter syndrome. American voters are left to their own devices to search in private for credible data on the issues and candidates that interest them. The result is a public information context overflowing with data, but mostly lacking in substance.

Besides the societal context, what can be said about the current functioning of our government? It still bears the main features the founding fathers intended. Our democracy is structured around a check-and-balance system of three equal branches of government, a bicameral legislature, and the early development of a two party electoral system. The Constitution defines and regulates our separate but equal branches of government. Party constituents establish and define their respective Parties. And the House and the Senate make their own rules for conducting their legislative agendas. Their success in serving their constituents is defined by their ability to compromise in the interest of the general welfare of all Americans. Although the wheels of government were designed to move slowly, our system allows for the representation of a diverse electorate and the resolution of differences through compromise. But, currently, it is not our government’s cumbersome process that hinders American progress; it is the lack of compromise between the Administration and Congress and between the political Parties in Congress. It is too easy to cripple our form of government when our two political Parties refuse to work together toward common goals. During the Obama presidency, the lack of compromise between the Parties has become entrenched. (For more on this topic, you might refer to “Is America Broken?,” “A Tale of Two Fallacies,” or, with a touch of satire, “Politicians are One Eyed Cats,” and “Compromise: An Unfulfilled Promise.”)

Perhaps we should not be surprised that failures to assimilate in our general population reappear in our representatives’ inability to work across the aisle. Nevertheless, a stubborn resistance to finding common ground or to build a basis for compromise is not just fouling the wheels of government but betraying its very purpose. In other words, this behavior is un-American. Before Party loyalists point the finger at their opposition, let me illustrate a few areas where both Parties illustrate my point:
Party-line voting suggests that Party loyalty rather than individual conscience dominates Congress. Certainly, Party positions require teamwork, but the extent of this practice defies profiles in courage in lieu of political tribalism. Americans are best served by bipartisan legislation that addresses the diversity of the electorate.
The legislative agenda is set by the majority Party, as it should be in a democracy. But when the minority Party’s agenda is totally vanquished from the floor—prohibiting both debate and an up or down vote—then the legislature no longer speaks for all Americans. The voice of many Americans is silenced; and requisite compromise is averted. (As an aside, I might add that too often special interests are allowed to define the legislative agenda, further limiting representation of the general public’s interests.)
Political fund raising consumes much of the time and effort legislators could be devoting to working “across the aisle,” as many of them admit. Although there is evidence of some collegiality in the upper chamber, there appears to be none in the House. Obviously, political campaign reform is a major issue (reference “American Revolution 2016”), but it still cannot justify the lack of bipartisanship in our legislature. If our elected officials cannot find time to talk to each other, then there is even less opportunity for compromise.
Political strategy too often takes precedence over the obligations of public office, including the critical responsibility of compromise. Perhaps a particularly heinous example is the Republican strategy for defeating Obama: (1) delegitimize him as president (e.g., the birther controversy, secret Muslim inference, etc.); (2) block everything and make victories look ugly; and (3) make it appear to the country that anything is better than the partisan caricature drawn of the present situation. It was this strategy that killed what would have been the most significant bipartisan compromise of recent years, the so-called “grand bargain.” That compromise potentially would have curtailed growth in Medicare, Medicaid and Social Security to the tune of hundreds of billions, would have increased revenues by 800 billion, and would have reduced both defense and non-defense discretionary spending by more than one trillion dollars over a ten year period. Though this example stands out, both sides of the aisle have become entrenched in strategies that befuddle compromise.

The complexity of our diverse society and the uncompromising gridlock in Washington are both emblematic of an underlying phenomenon. While we struggle to live up to our founding principles, such as equal justice for all, promotion of the general welfare, and the spirit of compromise, we have developed the ruse of inflexible ideologies to justify this drift from core values. At the most generic level, it is no longer capitalism and democracy, but capitalism or democracy. It is not conservatism and liberalism, but conservatism or liberalism. But these “ideologies” are not inflexible, but complementary. At the outset, America was a mercantile enterprise. And capitalism was never the sole bastion of conservatism. In fact, free trade always was (and still is in Europe) considered as a liberal position. The regulation of business, which is anathema to Republican conservatives, was first proposed by a Republican President whose face appears on Mount Rushmore. The Republican Party was born out of the “far left” abolitionist movement. The Democratic Republican Party morphed into the Democratic Party and was founded on the Jeffersonian principle of a limited central government, ironically the central concept behind the current Republican Party’s preference for State’s rights. If you took the measure of history to our present day, you would find the concepts of capitalism versus democracy or conservatism versus liberalism overlap in many areas. In their actual application, they form a continuum, ever ebbing and flowing with the tides of time. The antagonism invented by protagonists is really for the purpose of maintaining divisions in our society, for stimulating those divisions to gain constituents, and for justifying positions on matters of governance (reference “The Weirdness of American Politics”). These concepts and their political representations are just the flip sides of the American experience. Regardless of Party affiliation, all Americans find themselves projected on one side or another of a seesaw. The task before Americans is to find that balance in the middle and not to contend with one another until one side is thrown to the ground.

Often our Constitutional “professor and chief” has denounced unfairness, meanness, or uncompromising behavior with the words, “that’s not who we are.” Unfortunately, his words are a lie that panders to our mistaken self-image as a nation. What he should be saying is “that’s not who we want to be.” America, the so-called “melting pot,” is a cauldron of burning elements that cannot be reduced to a single entity. The fired-up passions of an election season might promise total victory for one Party, but governing in our system must assure “justice and liberty for all” members of our pluralistic society. Of course, we want our businesses to succeed, but not at the expense of a diminishing middle class. Naturally, we want our Constitutional principles to address contemporary issues, but not at the expense of those principles. The liberal/conservative push/pull is a natural concomitant of the American system, as is the for-profit/public service tension. The diversity of our history, our society and our beliefs demand that we accept our past and present differences and work toward the greatest good.

The American Constitution is a hallmark of the Age of Enlightenment. The system of government it constituted is both an experiment and a challenge for succeeding American generations. Our task is to learn from our failures and make that document a living trust in order to realize its promise. Recent history has shown us the pitfalls of other systems. America has fought in world wars with countries that adopted nationalism where the state subordinated the individual and populism where tribal beliefs victimized individuals who were different. Those ideologies are antithetical to our Constitution, and anybody who proposes them should be considered a radical and un-American. Equally, we should be wary of corruption from within, to include the influence of money and the usurpation of power for its own sake. When self-interest trumps public service, both our institutions and Americans suffer. And, finally, we should not give too much credence to the recently touted analogy with right wing challenges to the European Union. Washington DC is not Brussels, but a part of our country, the United States of America.

A prescription for change, then, is for Americans to cast off the indifference displayed in low voter turnout. It is long past the time for us to address our problems with class/ethnic/racial inequality in our society and with the uncompromising/nonsensical ideological contest for power in our politics. We already have what we need to continue America’s evolution in the Articles of our Constitution and in the core values expressed in that document. The change Americans seem to be seeking will not be found in antithetical political philosophies or radical demagogues that deviate from those values, but rather in a creative application of our founding principles to our contemporary problems. That change is solely in the hands of individual Americans. We simply need to reengage with the promise of our heritage and with the responsibility it entails. Let’s make our voices heard in the halls of Congress and in local voting booths across our great country. Awake, America!